《古谣谚》 卷十三
作者：杜文澜
建隆中京师歌
宋史五行志四
五来子。
A ong sung during early years of the Song dynasty when five territories were conquered and included in the map of Song.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
刘鋹末年广南童谣
宋史五行志四
羊头二四。 白天雨至。
A children’ song in the south of Guang Dong area predicting Song’ conquest of Liu Chang’s territory, a welcome thing for the people in that area since Liu Chang was abusing them.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
皇祐中谣
宋史五行志四
农家种。 糴家收。Words predicting the defeat of a warlord by central government troops. The words say that the farmers will get to sell their harvest this time instead of turning it over to the warlord.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
淳熙中淮西汪秀才歌
宋史五行志四
骑驴渡江。 过江不得。Those people who were trying to cross the river on donkeys would not make it. Words sung by a scholar predicting the failure of a local man’s uprising.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
淳熙十四年歌
宋史五行志四
汝亦不来我家。 我亦不来汝家。
You do not have to visit me and I do not have to visit you. Words predicting the strife between the emperor and his father.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
绍定三年歌
宋史五行志四
东君去后花无主。
A song predicting the death of the crown prince.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
纸钱谣
宋史五行志四
使到十八九。 纸钱飞上天。
A song describing inflation as bills flying to the sky.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
五更头谣
宋史五行志四
寒在五更头。
Words predicting the length of the Sung dynasty.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
卢宗原引谚
宋史河渠志六
拆船湾。
Shipwreck Bay. A slang term referring to a section of a river that is shipwreck-prone.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
元史官引时人语论职官
宋史职官志序
寧豋瀛。 不为卿。 寧抱槧。 不为监。
Words referring to good and bad government posts.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
王巖叟引父老谚
宋史兵志六
儿曹空手。 不可以入教场。
You guys cannot go into the army without getting together your own equipment. Words referring to the high expenses incurred by being drafted into the army.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
宋琪引谚
宋史宋琪传
磨镰杀马。
Sharpening one’s long knife to kill horses [ is what a troop does not have to do when traveling through their own territories].
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
京师为陈象舆董儼语
宋史赵昌言传
陈三更。 董半夜。
Words referring to the constant gathering of four government officials.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
张问引谚
宋史毕仲衍传
锄一恶。 长十善。
Getting rid of a problem in one area improves the situations in ten areas.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
时人为苏绅梁適语
宋史苏绅传
草头木脚。 陷入倒卓。
Words referring to two ruthless prison officials.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
闽人宰相谣
宋史章得象传
南台江合出宰相。
Words predicting someone from southern China becoming the emperor’s chief advisor.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
京师为包拯语
宋史包拯传
关节不到。 有阎罗包老。There is one official whom one does not have to bribe to see, that is Bao Zheng whose nickname is the King of Hell.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
时人为李稷李察语
宋史李稷传
寧逢黑杀。 莫逢稷察。
Words referring to two greedy and corrupted officials.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
苏州民为王覿歌
宋史王覿传
吏行冰上。 人在镜心。
A song sung by people of Su Zhou praising their Governor Wang Di for having good insight about who was doing bad things.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
江公望引俚语
宋史江公望传
私事官讎。
Using power from a public position to settle a personal score.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
曹辅引俚语
宋史曹辅传
盗憎主人。
The burglars hate the property owners.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
崔鶠引京师语
宋史崔鶠传
大惇小惇。 秧及子孙。Words referring to two bad officials in the imperial court.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
敌为岳家军语
宋史岳飞传
撼山易。 撼岳家军难。Words said by one enemy force about Yue Fei’s troops. It is easier to shake a mountain than shake Yue’s troops.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
镇江民为蔡洸歌
宋史蔡洸歌
我瀦我水。 以灌以溉。 俾我不夺。 蔡公是赖。
A song sung by people of Zhen Jiang, praising their official for being able to call for it to rain in time for their crops.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
赵范引谚
宋史赵范传
护家之狗。 盗贼\所恶。
Thieves and burglars hate dogs that can protect properties.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
光化谷城人为叶康直丰稷歌
宋史叶康直传
叶光化。 丰谷城。 清如水。 平如衡。
Words praising two competent and compassionate local officials.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
道州人为蔡元定弟子语
宋史蔡元定传
初不敬。 今纳命。
Words referring to the drastic changes in the disciples of Cai Yuan Ding. In the beginning, they were disrespectful because they felt dubious about Cai’s competence. Later, they felt complete admiration for him.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
果州民为张义实杨泰之歌
宋史杨泰之传
前张后杨。 惠我无疆。
Words praising two local official who did only good things for the people.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
时人为胡伸汪藻语
宋史汪藻传
江左二宝。 胡伸汪藻。There are two outstanding officials who are also poets from the Yangtzi River area, namely, Hu Shen and Wang Zao.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
李若水死义时歌
宋史李若水传
矫首问天兮天卒无言。 忠臣效死兮死亦何愆。
A song sung by a loyal official to the Song emperor when he was being killed by the Manchurians, who were invading northern China: I look up at the sky and ask why but no answer was given by the sky. As a loyal official to my emperor, I shall die without any wrongdoing.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
龙南安远谚
宋史秦檜传
龙南安远。 一去不转。
Words predicting the death of two officials in the imperial court. They were banished from the court and dispatched to southern tropical places because of offending Qin Kui, whom the emperor had completely spoiled.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
马氏將乱时湘中童谣
宋史湖南周氏世家
马去不用鞭。咬牙过今年。Words predicting the failed uprising of the Ma clan and the death of awarlord.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
太祖淳钦皇后引顏
辽史皇子表
偏怜之子不保业。难得之妇不主 家。
The most favored son can not even maintain the ancestral properties. A woman who is outstanding in every way should not be in charge of the household.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
辽土河童谣
辽史太祖淳钦皇后述律氏传
青牛嫗。曾避路。Words predicting Empress Cun Qin’s attainment of the title Queen of the Earth.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
武定军百姓为杨佶歌
辽史杨佶传
何以苏我。上天降雨。谁其抚我。杨公为主。
A song sung by people of Wu Ding praising its general Yang Ji’s being able to bring rain in time for them to bring in their harvest.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
时人为萧巖寿语
辽史萧巖寿传
以狼牧羊。何能久长。
Words predicting the death of an official who lost the power struggle in the court of the Liao dynasty.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
熙宗引谚
金史熙宗纪
疑人勿使。使人勿疑。
Do not employ someone whom you have doubt in. Once one employs someone, he or she should not have doubt in that person.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
泰和八年童谣
金史五行志
易水流。汴水流。百年易过又休休。
两家都好住。前后总成留。
Words predicting the move of the capital city of Jin dynasty.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
贞祐元年卫州童谣
金史五行志
团恋冬。劈半年。寒食节。没人烟。Words predicting the invasion of Wei Zhou by the Mongolian army.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
兴定中童谣
金史五行志
青山转﹐转山青。耽误尽。少年人。
A children’s song referring to the unending warfare. Wars lasted so long that men were soldiers all their lives
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
世祖时童谣
金史世纪
欲生则附於跋黑。欲死则附於刻里钵颇刺淑。
A children’s song that wrongly predicted the outcome of the power struggle between two brothers, one was the emperor and the other was a prince of the Jin dynasty. The prince was trying to overthrow the emperor by connecting with someone outside the court. But he died from choking on a piece of meat.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
时人为谷神娄室语
金史紇石烈良弼传
前有谷神。后有娄室。Words about two great geniuses in the history of Jin.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
平暘百姓为张浩杨伯雄语
金史阳伯平传
前有张。后有杨。
Words by people of Ping Yang about two great local officials.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
时人为赵秉文语
金史赵秉文传
古有朱云。金有秉文。朱云攀槛。秉文攀人。
Words referring to one official who should be jailed like everyone else in the same project but was exonerated because of knowing the right people.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
哀宗引谚
金史撤合輦传
水深见长人。A proverb saying that there are people standing in water, and when the water is deep enough, we can tell who is tall. It means that we do not know what people are like until we have the right situations.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
河內正平县民为王竞韩希甫张元谚
金史王竞传
西山至海岸。县官两人半。
Words by people of Zheng Ping about the three local officials who governed the place successively and were just about equally competent.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
四方为李妃胥持国语
金史佞幸胥持国传
经童作相。监婢为妃。
Words referring to how people coming from lower classes reached high positions in the court and pleased the emperor by flattering him in the right ways.
宋史五行志四
五来子。
A ong sung during early years of the Song dynasty when five territories were conquered and included in the map of Song.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
刘鋹末年广南童谣
宋史五行志四
羊头二四。 白天雨至。
A children’ song in the south of Guang Dong area predicting Song’ conquest of Liu Chang’s territory, a welcome thing for the people in that area since Liu Chang was abusing them.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
皇祐中谣
宋史五行志四
农家种。 糴家收。Words predicting the defeat of a warlord by central government troops. The words say that the farmers will get to sell their harvest this time instead of turning it over to the warlord.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
淳熙中淮西汪秀才歌
宋史五行志四
骑驴渡江。 过江不得。Those people who were trying to cross the river on donkeys would not make it. Words sung by a scholar predicting the failure of a local man’s uprising.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
淳熙十四年歌
宋史五行志四
汝亦不来我家。 我亦不来汝家。
You do not have to visit me and I do not have to visit you. Words predicting the strife between the emperor and his father.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
绍定三年歌
宋史五行志四
东君去后花无主。
A song predicting the death of the crown prince.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
纸钱谣
宋史五行志四
使到十八九。 纸钱飞上天。
A song describing inflation as bills flying to the sky.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
五更头谣
宋史五行志四
寒在五更头。
Words predicting the length of the Sung dynasty.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
卢宗原引谚
宋史河渠志六
拆船湾。
Shipwreck Bay. A slang term referring to a section of a river that is shipwreck-prone.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
元史官引时人语论职官
宋史职官志序
寧豋瀛。 不为卿。 寧抱槧。 不为监。
Words referring to good and bad government posts.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
王巖叟引父老谚
宋史兵志六
儿曹空手。 不可以入教场。
You guys cannot go into the army without getting together your own equipment. Words referring to the high expenses incurred by being drafted into the army.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
宋琪引谚
宋史宋琪传
磨镰杀马。
Sharpening one’s long knife to kill horses [ is what a troop does not have to do when traveling through their own territories].
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
京师为陈象舆董儼语
宋史赵昌言传
陈三更。 董半夜。
Words referring to the constant gathering of four government officials.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
张问引谚
宋史毕仲衍传
锄一恶。 长十善。
Getting rid of a problem in one area improves the situations in ten areas.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
时人为苏绅梁適语
宋史苏绅传
草头木脚。 陷入倒卓。
Words referring to two ruthless prison officials.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
闽人宰相谣
宋史章得象传
南台江合出宰相。
Words predicting someone from southern China becoming the emperor’s chief advisor.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
京师为包拯语
宋史包拯传
关节不到。 有阎罗包老。There is one official whom one does not have to bribe to see, that is Bao Zheng whose nickname is the King of Hell.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
时人为李稷李察语
宋史李稷传
寧逢黑杀。 莫逢稷察。
Words referring to two greedy and corrupted officials.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
苏州民为王覿歌
宋史王覿传
吏行冰上。 人在镜心。
A song sung by people of Su Zhou praising their Governor Wang Di for having good insight about who was doing bad things.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
江公望引俚语
宋史江公望传
私事官讎。
Using power from a public position to settle a personal score.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
曹辅引俚语
宋史曹辅传
盗憎主人。
The burglars hate the property owners.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
崔鶠引京师语
宋史崔鶠传
大惇小惇。 秧及子孙。Words referring to two bad officials in the imperial court.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
敌为岳家军语
宋史岳飞传
撼山易。 撼岳家军难。Words said by one enemy force about Yue Fei’s troops. It is easier to shake a mountain than shake Yue’s troops.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
镇江民为蔡洸歌
宋史蔡洸歌
我瀦我水。 以灌以溉。 俾我不夺。 蔡公是赖。
A song sung by people of Zhen Jiang, praising their official for being able to call for it to rain in time for their crops.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
赵范引谚
宋史赵范传
护家之狗。 盗贼\所恶。
Thieves and burglars hate dogs that can protect properties.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
光化谷城人为叶康直丰稷歌
宋史叶康直传
叶光化。 丰谷城。 清如水。 平如衡。
Words praising two competent and compassionate local officials.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
道州人为蔡元定弟子语
宋史蔡元定传
初不敬。 今纳命。
Words referring to the drastic changes in the disciples of Cai Yuan Ding. In the beginning, they were disrespectful because they felt dubious about Cai’s competence. Later, they felt complete admiration for him.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
果州民为张义实杨泰之歌
宋史杨泰之传
前张后杨。 惠我无疆。
Words praising two local official who did only good things for the people.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
时人为胡伸汪藻语
宋史汪藻传
江左二宝。 胡伸汪藻。There are two outstanding officials who are also poets from the Yangtzi River area, namely, Hu Shen and Wang Zao.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
李若水死义时歌
宋史李若水传
矫首问天兮天卒无言。 忠臣效死兮死亦何愆。
A song sung by a loyal official to the Song emperor when he was being killed by the Manchurians, who were invading northern China: I look up at the sky and ask why but no answer was given by the sky. As a loyal official to my emperor, I shall die without any wrongdoing.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
龙南安远谚
宋史秦檜传
龙南安远。 一去不转。
Words predicting the death of two officials in the imperial court. They were banished from the court and dispatched to southern tropical places because of offending Qin Kui, whom the emperor had completely spoiled.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
马氏將乱时湘中童谣
宋史湖南周氏世家
马去不用鞭。咬牙过今年。Words predicting the failed uprising of the Ma clan and the death of awarlord.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
太祖淳钦皇后引顏
辽史皇子表
偏怜之子不保业。难得之妇不主 家。
The most favored son can not even maintain the ancestral properties. A woman who is outstanding in every way should not be in charge of the household.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
辽土河童谣
辽史太祖淳钦皇后述律氏传
青牛嫗。曾避路。Words predicting Empress Cun Qin’s attainment of the title Queen of the Earth.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
武定军百姓为杨佶歌
辽史杨佶传
何以苏我。上天降雨。谁其抚我。杨公为主。
A song sung by people of Wu Ding praising its general Yang Ji’s being able to bring rain in time for them to bring in their harvest.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
时人为萧巖寿语
辽史萧巖寿传
以狼牧羊。何能久长。
Words predicting the death of an official who lost the power struggle in the court of the Liao dynasty.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
熙宗引谚
金史熙宗纪
疑人勿使。使人勿疑。
Do not employ someone whom you have doubt in. Once one employs someone, he or she should not have doubt in that person.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
泰和八年童谣
金史五行志
易水流。汴水流。百年易过又休休。
两家都好住。前后总成留。
Words predicting the move of the capital city of Jin dynasty.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
贞祐元年卫州童谣
金史五行志
团恋冬。劈半年。寒食节。没人烟。Words predicting the invasion of Wei Zhou by the Mongolian army.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
兴定中童谣
金史五行志
青山转﹐转山青。耽误尽。少年人。
A children’s song referring to the unending warfare. Wars lasted so long that men were soldiers all their lives
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
世祖时童谣
金史世纪
欲生则附於跋黑。欲死则附於刻里钵颇刺淑。
A children’s song that wrongly predicted the outcome of the power struggle between two brothers, one was the emperor and the other was a prince of the Jin dynasty. The prince was trying to overthrow the emperor by connecting with someone outside the court. But he died from choking on a piece of meat.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
时人为谷神娄室语
金史紇石烈良弼传
前有谷神。后有娄室。Words about two great geniuses in the history of Jin.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
平暘百姓为张浩杨伯雄语
金史阳伯平传
前有张。后有杨。
Words by people of Ping Yang about two great local officials.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
时人为赵秉文语
金史赵秉文传
古有朱云。金有秉文。朱云攀槛。秉文攀人。
Words referring to one official who should be jailed like everyone else in the same project but was exonerated because of knowing the right people.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
哀宗引谚
金史撤合輦传
水深见长人。A proverb saying that there are people standing in water, and when the water is deep enough, we can tell who is tall. It means that we do not know what people are like until we have the right situations.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
河內正平县民为王竞韩希甫张元谚
金史王竞传
西山至海岸。县官两人半。
Words by people of Zheng Ping about the three local officials who governed the place successively and were just about equally competent.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
四方为李妃胥持国语
金史佞幸胥持国传
经童作相。监婢为妃。
Words referring to how people coming from lower classes reached high positions in the court and pleased the emperor by flattering him in the right ways.