“除患与养患”的意思及全诗出处和翻译赏析

《捕蝗诗示尚书郭敦》是明代皇帝朱瞻基创作的一首诗词。以下是该诗的中文译文、诗意和赏析：

捕蝗诗示尚书郭敦

蝗螽虽微物，为患良不细。
Though locusts are small creatures, their harm is not insignificant.

其生实蕃滋，殄灭端匪易。
They breed and multiply rapidly, making it difficult to eradicate them completely.

方秋禾黍成，芃芃各生遂。
Just as the autumn grains and crops are maturing, flourishing and growing to their fullness.

所欣岁将登，奄忽蝗已至。
We rejoice as the harvest season approaches, but suddenly the locusts have arrived.

害苗及根节，而况叶与穗。
They damage the seedlings, roots, leaves, and ears of grain.

伤哉陇亩植，民命之所系。
The crops in the fields are harmed, and the livelihood of the people is at stake.

一旦尽于斯，何以卒年岁。
If everything is destroyed in an instant, how can we survive the passing years?

上帝仁下民，讵非人所致。
Heaven is benevolent, and the people are its subjects. How can we not take responsibility?

修省弗敢怠，民患可坐视？
We must not neglect our duties of governance. Can we sit idly by while the people suffer?

去螟古有诗，捕蝗亦有使。
There have been poems written about getting rid of pests in ancient times, and there are methods to capture locusts.

除患与养患，昔人论已备。
The ancient scholars have already discussed the ways to eliminate these disasters and how to prevent them.

拯民于水火，勖哉勿玩愒。
To save the people from water and fire calamities, let us not hesitate and take immediate action.

诗词的中心思想是朱瞻基对蝗灾的关切和对人民疾苦的体察。他描述了蝗虫的繁殖和破坏力，强调了蝗灾给农民带来的严重影响。诗人呼吁政府官员勿忽视修治国家、保护民众的责任，同时提到了古人对于灭蝗的经验和方法，希望政府能够采取措施解决这一问题，以保护人民的利益。

这首诗词通过简洁而有力的语言，表达了作者对蝗灾的深切担忧和对人民苦难的同情。它提醒了读者关注农民的困境和政府的职责，同时展现了朱瞻基作为君主的关怀和责任感。整体上，这首诗词在明代社会背景下，以农民与灾害为主题，呼吁政府关注民生，充分展现了朱瞻基的治国思想和为政理念。

bǔ huáng shī shì shàng shū guō dūn
捕蝗诗示尚书郭敦

huáng zhōng suī wēi wù, wéi huàn liáng bù xì.
蝗螽虽微物，为患良不细。
qí shēng shí fān zī, tiǎn miè duān fěi yì.
其生实蕃滋，殄灭端匪易。
fāng qiū hé shǔ chéng, péng péng gè shēng suì.
方秋禾黍成，芃芃各生遂。
suǒ xīn suì jiāng dēng, yǎn hū huáng yǐ zhì.
所欣岁将登，奄忽蝗已至。
hài miáo jí gēn jié, ér kuàng yè yǔ suì.
害苗及根节，而况叶与穗。
shāng zāi lǒng mǔ zhí, mín mìng zhī suǒ xì.
伤哉陇亩植，民命之所系。
yī dàn jǐn yú sī, hé yǐ zú nián suì.
一旦尽于斯，何以卒年岁。
shàng dì rén xià mín, jù fēi rén suǒ zhì.
上帝仁下民，讵非人所致。
xiū shěng fú gǎn dài, mín huàn kě zuò shì? qù míng gǔ yǒu shī, bǔ huáng yì yǒu shǐ.
修省弗敢怠，民患可坐视？去螟古有诗，捕蝗亦有使。
chú huàn yǔ yǎng huàn, xī rén lùn yǐ bèi.
除患与养患，昔人论已备。
zhěng mín yú shuǐ huǒ, xù zāi wù wán kài.
拯民于水火，勖哉勿玩愒。