“余年有几百忧集”的意思及全诗出处和翻译赏析

《木瓜舖短歌》是宋代陆游创作的一首诗词。以下是这首诗词的中文译文、诗意和赏析：

鼓楼坡前木瓜舖，
In front of the Drum Tower slope, there's a wooden stall selling papayas,
岁晚悲辛利州路。
Late in the year, I lament the hardships of the road to Lizhou.

当车礧礧石如屋，
The carriage moves slowly, the stones are like houses,
百里夷途无十步。
A hundred miles of rugged road, not a single step is smooth.

溪桥缺断水啮沙，
The creek bridge is broken, the water gnaws at the sand,
崖腹崩颓风拔树。
The cliff's belly crumbles, the wind uproots trees.

虎狼妥尾择肉食，
Tigers and wolves lurk, choosing their prey,
狐狸竖毛啼日暮。
Foxes raise their fur, crying at dusk.

冢丘短草声窸窣，
The tomb mounds have short grass, rustling with sound,
往往精灵与人遇。
Often, spirits and humans meet.

我生胡为忽在此？
Why was I born to be here in this place?
正坐一饥忘百虑。
Sitting here hungry, forgetting all worries.

五更出门寒裂面，
At the fifth watch, I leave home, my face cracked with cold,
半夜燎衣泥满裤。
In the middle of the night, my clothes are scorched, my pants covered in mud.

妻孥八月离夔州，
In the eighth month, my wife and children left Kuizhou,
寄书未到今何处？
Where are the letters they sent, which have not yet arrived?

余年有几百忧集，
I have accumulated hundreds of worries over the years,
日夜朱颜不如故。
Day and night, my youthful appearance is no longer the same.

即今台省盛诸贤，
Nowadays, the government is filled with many talented officials,
细思宁是儒冠误！
Upon careful reflection, it seems that the Confucian cap has been misused!

这首诗词以描绘旅途中的艰辛为主题，表达了作者对途中困难和痛苦的感受。诗中描绘了道路崎岖、桥梁破损、自然环境恶劣等景象，以及野兽的威胁和孤独感。作者通过自问自答的方式，表达了对自己生活处境的疑惑和不满。他感叹自己的忧愁积累已有几百年之久，而年华已逝，容颜不再。最后，作者对当时政府中的士人们的表现表示质疑，认为他们误用了儒冠，没有真正履行儒家思想所倡导的仁义道德。

这首诗词通过描绘旅途中的困苦和对社会现实的反思，表达了作者内心的痛苦和对时代的不满。它展示了陆游对社会现实的敏锐观察和对人生意义的思考，同时也反映了宋代社会的一些问题和不公。整体上，这首诗词以其深刻的描写和思考，展现了陆游独特的诗人才华和对人生的思索。

mù guā pù duǎn gē
木瓜舖短歌

gǔ lóu pō qián mù guā pù, suì wǎn bēi xīn lì zhōu lù.
鼓楼坡前木瓜舖，岁晚悲辛利州路。
dāng chē léi léi shí rú wū, bǎi lǐ yí tú wú shí bù.
当车礧礧石如屋，百里夷途无十步。
xī qiáo quē duàn shuǐ niè shā, yá fù bēng tuí fēng bá shù.
溪桥缺断水啮沙，崖腹崩颓风拔树。
hǔ láng tuǒ wěi zé ròu shí, hú lí shù máo tí rì mù.
虎狼妥尾择肉食，狐狸竖毛啼日暮。
zhǒng qiū duǎn cǎo shēng xī sū, wǎng wǎng jīng líng yú rén yù.
冢丘短草声窸窣，往往精灵与人遇。
wǒ shēng hú wéi hū zài cǐ? zhèng zuò yī jī wàng bǎi lǜ.
我生胡为忽在此？正坐一饥忘百虑。
wǔ gēng chū mén hán liè miàn, bàn yè liáo yī ní mǎn kù.
五更出门寒裂面，半夜燎衣泥满裤。
qī nú bā yuè lí kuí zhōu, jì shū wèi dào jīn hé chǔ? yú nián yǒu jǐ bǎi yōu jí, rì yè zhū yán bù rú gù.
妻孥八月离夔州，寄书未到今何处？余年有几百忧集，日夜朱颜不如故。
jí jīn tái shěng shèng zhū xián, xì sī níng shì rú guān wù!
即今台省盛诸贤，细思宁是儒冠误！